Anatomy, Hinge Joints
Hinge joints, which include the elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints of the hand and foot, and the tibiotalar joint of the ankle, are synovial joints that allow motion primarily in one plane. They are more stable than ball and socket joints but offer less mobility.
The structures of the elbow get a lot of blood from branches of the brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries, and lymphatics flow up the lower limb through the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes.
The extensor digitorum longus and brevis, lumbricals, and extensor hallucis longus muscles are primarily responsible for foot extension, while the gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, tibialis posterior, and anterior muscles are responsible for plantarflexion and inversion. The hinge joints, like most joints in the body, can suffer from articular cartilage degeneration and develop OA.
Review Questions
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What is the crease of a book called?
In a hardcover book, the squares are the edges of the cover that extend beyond the edges of the book block, and the French groove or the American groove is the groove along the spine edge of the covers. (They are, for all intents and purposes, the same thing.)
What are the physical parts of a book called?
End Paper (or End Sheets): the interior end sheets, set between the covers and the printed pages of the text block. End Paper (or End Sheets): the interior end sheets, set between the covers and the printed pages of the text block.
What is the hinge of a book?
The inside portion of the flexible area where the book cover meets the book spine; often used interchangeably with the term joint, which should be used to designate the outside or exterior portion of the “hinge.” Cracked or broken hinges are common in volumes that have been subjected to heavy or rough handling.
What are the outside parts of a book called?
Verso: In an open book, verso is the page on the left side. Spine: The outside case of the binding, where all the pages are glued together. When a book is on the shelf, the spine is what faces outward.
What are the 8 parts of a book?
The following is included in the front matter:
- The title page includes the book’s title, subtitle, author or authors, and publisher.
- Copyright page.
- Dedication.
- Table of contents.
- Foreword.
- Acknowledgements.
- Preface or Introduction.
- Prologue.
What is a page block in a book?
A book block is a collection of pages that are not yet bound with the cover, usually in the form of folded signatures.
What are the 5 parts of a book?
Characters, setting, plot, conflict, and resolution are the five essential elements that keep the story moving along smoothly and allow the action to unfold in a logical manner that the reader can follow.
What are all parts of a book?
The Basic Anatomy of Book Design: Parts of a Book
- The title page, whether in print or on an e-reader, is one of the first pages you see when you open a book.
- Other Works.
- Colophon.
- Dedication or Epigram.
- Table of Contents.
- Introduction or Foreword.
- Text.
- Appendices, Notes, or Bibliography.
What is first page of a book called?
The first section of a book, called front matter (or preliminaries; shortened to “prelims”), is usually the shortest in terms of page count.
What is index in a book?
A back-of-the-book index, like the front matter and table of contents, is a list of words with corresponding page references that point readers to the locations of various topics within a book. Book indexes are found in most non-fiction research books.
What are the different parts of a book and their meaning?
The front matter, which appears at the beginning of the book and includes the half title, frontispiece, and title page, is made up of three main parts: front matter, body matter, and end matter.
Why are reference books not taken out of the library?
Gale Virtual Reference Library and Sage Knowledge are two popular online collections of special subject encyclopedia articles that cannot be checked out because they are intended to be available and quickly accessible by all students who may need to use these resources.
What is a flyleaf in a book?
a blank leaf (or leaves) inserted between the free end paper and the beginning or end of the printed pages during the binding process.